Instrument for determining the position of an organ or the like within human bodies.



No. 870,506- PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907. J. GILLET.

INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF AN ORGAN OR THE LIKE.

WITHIN HUMAN BODIES.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 6, 1907.

ZULtncS QS: g; 63w05 2i 5 The point of intersection is then the that is to'say, so that the right eye UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE- JOSEPH GILLET, OF SOHONEBERG, NEAR BERLIN-GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS &

HALSKE, A. G., OF BERLIN,

GERMANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY.

INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION or AN oneAN'on IIE IIUMANBonIEa' Specification bf Letters Patent. I

-hatented Nov. 0, .1907.

- pplication filed July 6.1907; swam 3 To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J osni n GILLET, a subject of the German Emperor, and a resident of Schiineberg, near Berlin, Germany, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Instruments for Determining the Position of an Organ or the Like WithinHuman Bodies, of which the following is a specification The present invention'relates to an instrument for determining the exact position of an organ, foreign body, size of organsto determine their pathological condition, and so on within the human body for example, which can be shown by Roentgen rays. The new instrument makes use of the- Roentgen picture which is taken stereoscopically for this purpose.

It is known that two corresponding stereoscopic points can be united to one point suspended freely in space simply, by the convergence of the axes of vision without the aid of optically refracting media. This can only be effected, however, when the axes of vision cross one another between the picture and the eyes, thus when the left-hand picture is seen with the right eye and the right-hand picture with the left eye. point at which the stereoscopic picture appears. I A Now the present invention is based on the following new method. In the first place two photographs are. made on two different plates, or more preferably, however, on one and the same plate, ofthe point, foreign body, organ etc., the position of which in space is to be determined; the second of these photographs differs from the first by its being taken after the Roentgen tube has been displaced laterally a certain amount, preferably the distance of the space between the eyes, parallel to the photographic plate. The stereoscopic roentgenogram which is obtained in this manner can now be employed for determining the exact position of the body, point etc. in question, this determination being Roentgen tube during the exposure, and hollow fixes his eyes upon the corresponding points 0 which.

represent .for example the foreign body, organ or the like, the position of which is to be determined, so that the visual lines cross between the picture and the eyes, looks at the left-hand shadow and the left eye simultaneously looks at'the right-hand shadow. The point ofjntersection d of the visual lines corresponds exactly in its position with the place which is sought. It is simultaneously the place at which the'stereoscopic picture of the two shadow pictures which are looked at distinctly appears sus. pended freely and, tangible. If the point of an indicator, pointer or the like is used for fixing this point,

covers the two points of the picture, or inother words, until all three points unite in the one single point of intersection which is sought, the position of the point said pointer or the like being displaced until its point of the pointer indicatesthe exact position of the point which is sought'for in space with respect to the photographic plate. Now the present invention has for its object'mea for carrying this method into practice, and in order that the same may be clearly understood reference is made to the accompanying drawing in which:

,Figure l is a diagram of lenses used for looking on a plate, showing visual lines; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the new instrument in accordance with the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a'plan of the same. The apparatus consists substantially of the holderf for the stereoscopic roentgenogram 0. Two tubes 9 are attached to the holder forming a support an guide within which the tubes h, are movable telescopically. The inner tubesi carry a yoke I: with openings l at their front ends, and the lenses 0., b are arranged'movable in these openings l. A" slide 11; is arranged movable on the tubes 9. This slide carries guiding forks 0 above the, tubes, in which forks a bar pis displaceable at right angles to the longitudinal axis .of the tubes. The bar 1) carries in its center part a shoulderq with a hole in it,

within which hole the pointer 1' which is pointed at its upper end is movable .ve'rtically As is seen from the I drawing the pointer r, the bar ,p, as,well as one of the tubes 9 are provided with scalesso that the various pm sitions of these parts with respect the roentgenogram can be read on the scales. v

The instrument isfused the manneralready described with respect toFig. 1. ".After the stereoscopic roentgenogram c, which'has preferably been taken on only one plate, or a print of the same, hasbeen'fastened h in the carrier f, the lenses a, b are in the first placeput Q N at the same distance from one another, as well as from the roentgenogramfas'obtained when taking the picture with regard to the Roentgen t'ub'es. The point of the pointer 'r is then adjusted in the manner previously described so that it covers the two points of the picture which are looked at. In consequence of the pointer .r being capable of being moved to all sid s space this adjustment is easily brought about. T a position of,

th'e'point looked at, or of the point of the pointer vr can then be exactly read off on the scales arranged on the pointer r,"bar p and tube g. As the position is knownv which the photographic plate had with respect to the photographed object when the exposure was made, the

position of the point which is sought within the photographic object can be ascertained exactly from the pothe ' known exactly to the doctor. If, for example, the position of the foreign body has been ascertained by measurement according to the three dimensions in space, as a second operation the position of the point which is known to the doctor has to be ascertained by measurement according to the'three dimensions likewise with the aid of this instrument. It is then only necessary to determine the difference in the sizes of the three (limensions. The measurements thus ascertained give the position of the foreign body which is sought with regard to the position of the point known to the doctor in the human body. On the basis of these determinations the operation can then be easily and successfully conducted.

The above described instrument in accordance with the present invention can be varied in various ways. For example it is not absolutely necessary to "arrange the pointer r movable vertically; on the other hand the same may be rigidlyiinited with the slide q. The point of intersection of the axes of visioniis then determined by the pointer 1 being moved by means'of the slides p and n until it crosses the points of vision. The height of this'point of'intersection can then'be read off on the scale provided on the pointer r. v

' Inorder to find the point of intersectionof the axes of vision or the stereoscopic image more easily it is preferable, as has already been mentioned, to make the two stereoscopic exposures with a displacement of the Roentgen tubes which corresponds to the distance between the pupils of the eyes, so that when observing the stereogram the lenses a, b can also be used with a distance between them equal to the distance between the pupils. It must however be emphasized that it is not always necessary to keep to this distance, but that the Roentgen pictures can also be taken with a greater distance between the tubes; in the latter case it is essenhowever, that when using the instrument the lenses are set at a distance apart equal to that of the Roentgen tubes which was chosen for the exposures. The point of intersection of the axes of vision is then determined by alternately determining the opposite points of vision through the lenses a or b with one eye.

, What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An instrument, for determining the position of foreign bodies and organs by means of Roentgen stereograms ,i'akem stereoscopically, comprising in combination a holder for the stereogram, a support fixed to said holder, a yoke carrying lenses mounted on said support, and a material point mounted between said lenses and said holder movable at right angles to the plane of said stereogram in said holder, as set forth.

2. An instrument, for determining the position of foreign bodies and organs by means of Roentgen stereograms taken stereoscopically, comprising in'combination a holder for the stereograrn, a support fixed on said holder, a yoke fastened to said support carrying lenses, said yoke being mounted and movable at right-angles to the plane of said ,stereogram in said holder, and a material point mounted between said lenses and said holder movable at right angles to the plane of said stereogram in said holder, as set forth.

An instrument, for determining the position of foreign bodies and organs by means of Roentgen stereograms taken stereoscoplcally, comprising in combination a holder for the ster'eogram, a support fixed on said holder, a yoke carrying lenses fastened to said support, and a material point mounted between said lenses and said holder movable at right-angles and parallel to the plane of said stereogram in said holder, as set forth.

,4. An instrument, for determining the position of foreign bodies and organs by means of Roentgen st'ereograms taken stereoscopically, comprising in combination a holder for the stereogram, a support fixed on said holder, a yoke carrying lenses fastened to said support, and a material point mounted between said lenses and said holder adapted to be moved in all directions in space as set forth.

5..An instrument, for determining the position of forsign-bodies and organs by means of Roentgen stereograms taken stereoscopically, comprising in combination a holder for. the stereog ram, a support fixed on said holder, ayoke carrying lenses fastened to said support;a material point mounted between'said lensesand said holder movable at right-angles to the plane of said stereogram in said holder and means for reading by measurement the position of said material point in space as set forth.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses.

I JOSEPH GILLET. Witnesses: HENRY Hssraa,

WOLDEMAR HAUPT. 

